	{"id":132194,"date":"2024-10-07T17:22:46","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T16:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=132194"},"modified":"2024-11-07T15:43:20","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T15:43:20","slug":"choice-learn-large-scale-choice-modeling-for-operational-contexts-through-the-lens-of-machine-learning","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/blog\/choice-learn-large-scale-choice-modeling-for-operational-contexts-through-the-lens-of-machine-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Choice-Learn: Modelado de elecci\u00f3n a gran escala para contextos operativos a trav\u00e9s de la lente del aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--link_color: var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1440px + 20px );margin-left: calc(-20px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-20px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:10px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:10px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:10px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:10px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:10px;--awb-spacing-left-small:10px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 description\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;--awb-text-font-style:normal;--awb-text-font-weight:400;\"><p><strong>Auriau, Vincent, Ali Aouad, Antoine D\u00e9sir y Emmanuel Malherbe. \u201cChoice-Learn: Modelizaci\u00f3n de elecciones a gran escala para contextos operativos a trav\u00e9s de la lente del aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico\u201d. Journal of Open Source Software 9, n\u00ba 101 (2024): 6899.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><article class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--link_color: var(--awb-color6);--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1440px + 20px );margin-left: calc(-20px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-20px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:10px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:10px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:10px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:10px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:10px;--awb-spacing-left-small:10px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/joss.theoj.org\/papers\/10.21105\/joss.06899\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Leer el art\u00edculo <\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Los modelos de elecci\u00f3n discreta tienen como objetivo predecir las decisiones de elecci\u00f3n tomadas por los individuos a partir de un men\u00fa de alternativas, denominado surtido. Los casos de uso m\u00e1s conocidos incluyen la predicci\u00f3n de la elecci\u00f3n del modo de transporte de un viajero o las compras de un cliente. Los modelos de elecci\u00f3n son capaces de manejar las variaciones del surtido, cuando algunas alternativas dejan de estar disponibles o cuando sus caracter\u00edsticas cambian en diferentes contextos. Esta adaptabilidad a diferentes escenarios permite utilizar estos modelos como entradas para problemas de optimizaci\u00f3n, incluyendo la planificaci\u00f3n del surtido o la fijaci\u00f3n de precios.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Choice-Learn proporciona un conjunto modular de herramientas de modelizaci\u00f3n de la elecci\u00f3n para que los profesionales y los investigadores acad\u00e9micos procesen la elecci\u00f3n data y, a continuaci\u00f3n, formulen, estimen y operacionalicen modelos de elecci\u00f3n. La biblioteca est\u00e1 estructurada en dos niveles de uso, como se ilustra en la figura 1. El nivel superior est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para una implementaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida y sencilla y el nivel inferior permite parametrizaciones m\u00e1s avanzadas. Esta estructura, inspirada en los diferentes puntos finales de Keras (Chollet et al., 2015), permite una interfaz f\u00e1cil de usar. Choice-Learn est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado con los siguientes objetivos:<\/p>\n<\/div><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-width:27.2px;--awb-icon-height:27.2px;--awb-icon-margin:11.2px;--awb-content-margin:38.4px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default type-icons paddingList dark-text\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Racionalizado:<\/strong> El procesamiento de los conjuntos data y la estimaci\u00f3n de los modelos de elecci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar se ven facilitados por una firma de c\u00f3digo sencilla y coherente con los principales paquetes de aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico, como scikit-learn (Pedregosa et al., 2011).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Escalable:<\/strong> Se implementan procesos optimizados para el almacenamiento de data y la estimaci\u00f3n de modelos, lo que permite el uso de grandes conjuntos de data y modelos con un gran n\u00famero de par\u00e1metros.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Flexible:<\/strong> El c\u00f3digo base puede personalizarse para adaptarse a diferentes casos de uso.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Biblioteca de modelos:<\/strong> El mismo paquete proporciona implementaciones tanto de modelos de elecci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar como de m\u00e9todos basados en el aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico, incluidas las redes neuronales.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-no\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon awb-icon-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p><strong>Operaciones descendentes:<\/strong> Las herramientas de posprocesamiento que aprovechan los modelos de elecci\u00f3n para la planificaci\u00f3n del surtido y la fijaci\u00f3n de precios est\u00e1n integradas en la biblioteca.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Las principales contribuciones se resumen en los cuadros 1 y 2.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1193\" height=\"547\" title=\"elecci\u00f3n_aprender_niveles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-142724\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271193%27%20height%3D%27547%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201193%20547%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271193%27%20height%3D%27547%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels-200x92.png 200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels-400x183.png 400w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels-600x275.png 600w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels-800x367.png 800w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/choice_learn_levels.png 1193w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1193px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2020\" height=\"504\" title=\"Captura de pantalla 2024-10-07 \u00e0 14.12.15\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-142726\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272020%27%20height%3D%27504%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202020%20504%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272020%27%20height%3D%27504%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15-200x50.png 200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15-400x100.png 400w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15-600x150.png 600w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15-800x200.png 800w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15-1200x299.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.15.png 2020w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 2020px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2020\" height=\"852\" title=\"Captura de pantalla 2024-10-07 \u00e0 14.12.30\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-142725\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%272020%27%20height%3D%27852%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%202020%20852%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%272020%27%20height%3D%27852%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30-200x84.png 200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30-400x169.png 400w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30-600x253.png 600w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30-800x337.png 800w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30-1200x506.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-a-14.12.30.png 2020w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 2020px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\">Declaraci\u00f3n de necesidad<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\">Data y escalabilidad del modelo<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>La gesti\u00f3n de data de Choice-Learn se basa en NumPy (Harris et al., 2020) con el objetivo de limitar la huella de memoria. Minimiza la repetici\u00f3n de elementos o caracter\u00edsticas de clientes y aplaza la uni\u00f3n de la estructura data completa hasta el procesamiento de lotes de data. El paquete introduce el objeto FeaturesStorage, ilustrado en la figura 2, que permite referenciar los valores de las caracter\u00edsticas s\u00f3lo por su ID. Estos valores se sustituyen al marcador de posici\u00f3n ID sobre la marcha en el proceso de procesamiento por lotes. Por ejemplo, las caracter\u00edsticas de los supermercados, como la superficie o la posici\u00f3n, suelen ser estacionarias. As\u00ed, pueden almacenarse en una estructura data auxiliar y en el conjunto data principal, el almac\u00e9n donde se registra la elecci\u00f3n s\u00f3lo se referencia con su ID.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>El paquete se apoya en Tensorflow (Abadi et al., 2015) para la estimaci\u00f3n de modelos, ofreciendo la posibilidad de utilizar algoritmos r\u00e1pidos de optimizaci\u00f3n cuasi-Newton como L-BFGS (Nocedal &amp; Wright, 2006), as\u00ed como diversos optimizadores de gradiente-descenso (Kingma &amp; Ba, 2017; Tieleman &amp; Hinton, 2012) especializados en el manejo de lotes de data. Tambi\u00e9n es posible utilizar la GPU, lo que puede suponer un ahorro de tiempo. Por \u00faltimo, la columna vertebral de TensorFlow garantiza un uso eficiente en un entorno de producci\u00f3n, por ejemplo dentro de un software de recomendaci\u00f3n de surtido, a trav\u00e9s de herramientas de despliegue y servicio, como TFLite y TFServing.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1534\" height=\"1076\" title=\"caracter\u00edsticas_almacenamiento_3\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-142723\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271534%27%20height%3D%271076%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201534%201076%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271534%27%20height%3D%271076%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3-200x140.png 200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3-400x281.png 400w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3-600x421.png 600w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3-800x561.png 800w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3-1200x842.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/features_storage_3.png 1534w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1534px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\">Uso flexible: Desde la utilidad lineal hasta la especificaci\u00f3n personalizada<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Los modelos de elecci\u00f3n que siguen el principio de maximizaci\u00f3n de la utilidad aleatoria (McFadden y Train, 2000) definen la utilidad de una alternativa \ud835\udc56 \u2208 \ud835\udc9c como la suma de una parte determinista \ud835\udc48 (\ud835\udc56) y un error aleatorio \ud835\udf16\ud835\udc56. Si se supone que los t\u00e9rminos (\ud835\udf16\ud835\udc56)\ud835\udc56\u2208\ud835\udc9c son independientes y est\u00e1n distribuidos por Gumbel, la probabilidad de elegir la alternativa \ud835\udc56 puede escribirse como la normalizaci\u00f3n softmax sobre las alternativas disponibles \ud835\udc57 \u2208 \ud835\udc9c:<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" title=\"Captura de pantalla 2024-10-07 142150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-142150.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-142150-300x110.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-142727\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27750%27%20height%3D%27274%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20750%20274%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27750%27%20height%3D%27274%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-142150-200x73.png 200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-142150-400x146.png 400w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-142150-600x219.png 600w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Capture-decran-2024-10-07-142150.png 750w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>El trabajo del modelador de elecciones consiste en formular una funci\u00f3n de utilidad adecuada \ud835\udc48 (.) en funci\u00f3n del contexto. En Choice-Learn, el usuario puede parametrizar modelos predefinidos o especificar libremente una funci\u00f3n de utilidad personalizada. Para declarar un modelo personalizado, es necesario heredar la clase ChoiceModel y sobrescribir el m\u00e9todo compute_batch_utility como se muestra en la documentaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\">Biblioteca de modelos tradicionales de utilidad aleatoria y modelos basados en el aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Los modelos de elecci\u00f3n param\u00e9tricos tradicionales, incluido el Logit Condicional (Train et al., 1987), suelen especificar la funci\u00f3n de utilidad de forma lineal. Esto proporciona coeficientes interpretables pero limita el poder predictivo del modelo. Trabajos recientes proponen la estimaci\u00f3n de modelos m\u00e1s complejos, con enfoques de redes neuronales (Aouad &amp; D\u00e9sir, 2022; Han et al., 2022) y modelos basados en \u00e1rboles (Aouad et al., 2023; Salvad\u00e9 &amp; Hillel, 2024). Mientras que las bibliotecas de elecci\u00f3n existentes (Bierlaire, 2023; Brathwaite &amp; Walker, 2018; Du et al., 2023) no suelen estar dise\u00f1adas para integrar estos enfoques basados en el aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico, Choice-Learn propone una colecci\u00f3n que incluye ambos tipos de modelos.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\">Operaciones descendentes: Optimizaci\u00f3n del surtido y de los precios<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Choice-Learn ofrece herramientas adicionales para las operaciones posteriores, que no suelen estar integradas en las bibliotecas de modelos de elecci\u00f3n. En concreto, la optimizaci\u00f3n del surtido es un caso de uso com\u00fan que aprovecha un modelo de elecci\u00f3n para determinar el subconjunto \u00f3ptimo de alternativas que ofrecer a los clientes maximizando un objetivo determinado, como los ingresos esperados, la tasa de conversi\u00f3n o el bienestar social. Este marco abarca una gran variedad de aplicaciones, como la planificaci\u00f3n del surtido, la optimizaci\u00f3n de la ubicaci\u00f3n de los expositores y la fijaci\u00f3n de precios. Proporcionamos implementaciones basadas en la formulaci\u00f3n de programaci\u00f3n entera mixta descrita en (M\u00e9ndez-D\u00edaz et al., 2014), con la opci\u00f3n de elegir el solucionador entre Gurobi (Gurobi Optimization, LLC, 2023) y OR-Tools (Perron &amp; Furnon,2024).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"font-family:&quot;PT Serif&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;letter-spacing:1.6px;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.47;\"><strong>Uso de la memoria: un estudio de caso<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.6;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography4-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography4-text-transform);--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><p>Proporcionamos en la figura 3 (a) ejemplos num\u00e9ricos de uso de memoria para mostrar la eficiencia del FeaturesStorage. Consideramos una caracter\u00edstica repetida en un conjunto de data, como una codificaci\u00f3n de un disparo para localizaciones, representada por una matriz de forma (#localizaciones, #localizaciones) en la que cada fila se refiere a<br \/>\na un solo lugar.<br \/>\nComparamos cuatro m\u00e9todos de manipulaci\u00f3n de data en el conjunto Expedia data (Ben Hamner et al., 2013): pandas.DataFrames (The pandas development team, 2020) en formato largo y ancho, ambos utilizados en paquetes de modelado de elecci\u00f3n, Torch-Choice y Choice-Learn. La figura 3 (b) muestra los<br \/>\nresultados para varios tama\u00f1os de muestra.<br \/>\nPor \u00faltimo, en la Figura 3 (c) y (d), observamos ganancias de uso de memoria en un dataset propio en el comercio minorista de ladrillo y mortero consistente en la agregaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 4.000 millones de compras en los supermercados Konzum de Croacia. Centr\u00e1ndonos en la subcategor\u00eda de caf\u00e9, el dataset especifica, para cada compra, qu\u00e9 productos estaban disponibles, sus precios, as\u00ed como una representaci\u00f3n de un solo golpe del supermercado.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1010\" height=\"882\" title=\"comparaci\u00f3n_uso_de_ram\" src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-142722\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271010%27%20height%3D%27882%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201010%20882%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271010%27%20height%3D%27882%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison-200x175.png 200w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison-400x349.png 400w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison-600x524.png 600w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison-800x699.png 800w, https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ram_usage_comparison.png 1010w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1010px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:40px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1440px + 20px );margin-left: calc(-20px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-20px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-center fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:40px;--awb-padding-right:40px;--awb-padding-bottom:40px;--awb-padding-left:40px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-inner-bg-position:left center;--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:rgba(10,17,40,0.1);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:4px 4px 4px 4px;--awb-inner-bg-border-radius:4px 4px 4px 4px;--awb-inner-bg-overflow:hidden;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:10px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:10px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:10px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:10px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:10px;--awb-spacing-left-small:10px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/artefact-engineering-and-data-science\/modeling-customers-decisions-in-python-with-the-choice-learn-package-37752cb7932e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image lazyload\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/background.jpg\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/background.jpg\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-margin-right:20px;--awb-margin-left:20px;--awb-max-width:150px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-7 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"72\" height=\"41\" title=\"medio\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2772%27%20height%3D%2741%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2072%2041%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2772%27%20height%3D%2741%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/artefact.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/medium.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-60927\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:8px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.2;\">Medio Blog por Artefact.<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:center;\"><p>Este art\u00edculo se public\u00f3 inicialmente en Medium.com.<br \/>\n\u00a1S\u00edganos en nuestro Medium Blog !<\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_text_transform:var(--awb-custom_typography_2-text-transform);--button_typography-letter-spacing:var(--awb-custom_typography_2-letter-spacing);--button_typography-font-family:var(--awb-custom_typography_2-font-family);--button_typography-font-weight:var(--awb-custom_typography_2-font-weight);--button_typography-font-style:var(--awb-custom_typography_2-font-style);\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hover=\"text_slide_down\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/artefact-engineering-and-data-science\/modeling-customers-decisions-in-python-with-the-choice-learn-package-37752cb7932e\"><div class=\"awb-button-text-transition  awb-button__hover-content--centered\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lea nuestro art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lea nuestro art\u00edculo<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los modelos de elecci\u00f3n discreta tienen como objetivo predecir las decisiones de elecci\u00f3n tomadas por los individuos a partir de un men\u00fa de alternativas, denominado surtido. Los casos de uso m\u00e1s conocidos incluyen la predicci\u00f3n de la elecci\u00f3n del modo de transporte de un viajero o las compras de un cliente.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":143200,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"blog-category":[21939],"blog-language":[2991,2993],"class_list":["post-132194","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog-category-medium","blog-language-en","blog-language-fr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/132194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/143200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog-category?post=132194"},{"taxonomy":"blog-language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artefact.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog-language?post=132194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}